Construction of high dikes, for example, has enabled triple-cropping, which benefits land-wealthy farmers but leads to increasing The grateful dead band summer vibes all over print hawaiian shirt debt for land-poor farmers . Temperature and precipitation trends
The grateful dead band summer vibes all over print hawaiian shirt
whether the summer sea ice extent can recover after it has been lost . These studies did not find evidence of bifurcation or indicate that sea ice returns within a few years of its loss, leading Collins to conclude that there is little evidence for a tipping point in the transition from perennial to seasonal ice cover. No evidence has been found for irreversibility or tipping points, suggesting that year-round sea ice will return given a sui climate . For large-scale singular events , moderate risk is now located at of warming and high risk is located at . ure , as opposed to at . and around in AR, because of new observations and models of the West Antarctic ice sheet , which suggests that the ice sheet may be in the early stages of marine ice sheet instability . Very high risk is assessed as lying above because the growing literature on process-based projections of the West Antarctic ice sheet predominantly supports the AR assessment of an MISI contribution of several additional tenths of a metre by . Oppenheimer noted that the global The grateful dead band summer vibes all over print hawaiian shirt aggregated damages associated with large-scale singular events has not been explored, and reviews of integrated modelling exercises have indicated a potential underestimation of global aggregate damages due to the lack of consideration of the potential for these events in many studies. Since AR, further analyses of the potential economic consequences of triggering these large-scale singular events have indicated a two to eight fold larger economic impact associated with warming of than estimated in most previous analyses, with the extent of increase depending on the number of events incorporated. Lemoine and Traeger included only three known singular events whereas Y. Cai included five. Temperature has had a positive and statistically significant effect on outmigration over recent decades in countries, but only for agriculture-dependent countries R. Cai . A increase in average temperature in the International Migration Database of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development was associated with a . increase in bilateral migration flows from sending countries and receiving countries, and an additional millimetre of average annual precipitation was associated with an increase in migration by . Backhaus . In another study, an increase in precipitation anomalies from the long-term mean, was strongly associated with an increase in outmigration, whereas no significant effects of temperature anomalies were reported . Multiple drivers and embedded social processes influence the magnitude and pattern of livelihoods and poverty, as well as the changing structure of communities related to migration, displacement and conflict Adger .
In AR, evidence of a climate change signal was limited, with more evidence of impacts of climate change on the places where indigenous people live and use traditional ecological knowledge Olsson . In some regions, cold-related mortality is projected to decrease with increasing temperatures, although increases in heat-related mortality generally are projected to outweigh any reductions in cold-related mortality with warmer winters, with the heat-related risks increasing with greater degrees of warming Huang , and Martens, Schwartz . Adaptation imperatives and costs in the Mekong will be higher under higher temperatures and associated impacts on agriculture and aquaculture, hazard exposure, and infrastructure. Adaptation measures to meet food security include greater investment in crop diversification and integrated agriculture aquaculture practices Renaud , improvement of water-use technologies , irrigation, pond capacity improvement and rainwater harvesting, soil management, crop diversification, and strengthening allied sectors such as livestock rearing and aquaculture . Ecosystem-based approaches, such as integrated water resources management, demonstrate successes in mainstreaming adaptation into existing strategies Sebesvari . However, some of these adaptive strategies can have negative impacts that deepen the divide between land-wealthy and land-poor farmers Chapman .
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