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The fact that unions pushed for, and got, an increasing wage glitter philadelphia eagles football team crocs premium over this period, implies that they were willing to sustain membership losses to maintain real wages,

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The degree to which federal and private-sector employees may differ with regard to those characteristics is much harder to quantify, glitter philadelphia eagles football team crocs and no adjustments were made for those attributes in this analysis. federal workers received an average of 17% more compensation than comparable private sector workers. postal workers who left the Postal Service for private-sector jobs saw average wage decreases ranging from 25% to 33%. private-sector workers who took jobs with the Postal Service received average wage increases ranging from 29% to 43%. A public employer, unlike his private counterpart, is not guided by the profit motive and constrained by the normal operation of the market. Municipal services are typically not priced, and where they are

they tend to be regarded as in some sense “essential” and therefore are often price-inelastic [i.e., the demand for the service is not affected by its price]. Nominal income does not measure your real purchasing power. Finding out whether you are better or worse off over time requires converting nominal income to real income. … Real income measures the amount of goods and services that can be purchased with one’s nominal income. The closed shop approach is illegal in both public and private sectors under the Taft-Hartley amendments but continues to exist de facto in a few settings, principally though “hiring halls” that vet job applicants. Workers who are unpopular with union leadership, as detailed below. In the 1970s and early 1980s, the wage gap in the private sector rose while union density fell, as predicted in the standard textbook model of how employment responds to wages where the union has monopoly power over labor supply.